In January, 1997, the Rhode Island Department of Public Health inaugurated KIDSNET, an effort to harness the power of information technology to ensure that all children in the state received proper preventive care. The medical "informatics" system was designed to track essential public-health data-such as immunizations-and make it accessible to the  health care providers and public health programs across the state. "Informatics," in other words, was to improve child health by making sure that any doctor or emergency room in the state could quickly and conveniently become aware of key aspects of any child's medical history. The system was to be fully operational by the year 2000. The marriage of computer records and public health did not go smoothly, however, and, in late 1999, a consultant found that the system was "grossly underutilized." KIDSNET was tracking immunizations for but  43 percent of infants  and only 31 percent of the clinics and doctors' offices in